Why Autumn Skies Are So Blue

Why Autumn Skies Are So Blue Have you ever noticed that fall skies appear to be a deeper, more saturated blue than normal?   What sorts of things can make the sky appear bluer, specifically during the fall season? Here are a few contributing factors: Falls Lower Humidity Fall is notorious for its pleasant weathernamely, its cooler temperatures and lower  relative humidity. As air temperatures cool, the amount of moisture that the air can hold  lessens. Less moisture means fewer clouds and haze occupying skies in September, October, and November. With little to no clouds or haze to veil the sky, its blue hue appears purer, and the sky itself, more open and vast. Falls Lower Sun Position As we progress  through autumn, the sun sits lower and lower in the sky. With the sun no longer directly overhead, you could say that more of the sky is significantly angled away from the sun. The Rayleigh scattering directs more blue light towards your eyes, while the indirect sunlight decreases the incoming levels of red and greenthe result of which is a more intense blue sky. Falls Foliage Believe it or not,  the very presence of  falls red, orange, and gold leaves actually  help give the skys blueness  a color boost. According to color theory, primary colors appear more brilliant when theyre  in contrast with their complementary colors.  Looking at a color wheel, you can see that  violet and blue (which are the two wavelengths of sunlight that are scattered for us to see and thus give the sky its characteristic blue hue) correspond to the  complementary colors of yellow, yellow-orange, and orange. Seeing any one of these leaf  colors against the backdrop of a clear blue sky makes the blue of the sky pop  that much more.

Witchcraft Essays - Witch Trials, Witchcraft, Magic, Folklore

Witchcraft Essays - Witch Trials, Witchcraft, Magic, Folklore Witchcraft In the modern world witchcraft is a form of nature religion that emphasizes the healing arts. The term is also applied to various kinds of magic practiced in Asian, African, and Latin American communities. Little is known about the history of witchcraft in Europe, and what is known comes from hostile sources. In traditional European society witchcraft was believed to be a kind of harmful sorcery associated with the worship of Satan, or the devil (a spirit hostile to God). The European doctrine of witchcraft was formulated in the late Middle Ages. Just how many of the beliefs about witches were based on reality and how many on delusion will never be known. The punishment of supposed witches by the death penalty did not become common until the 15th century. The first major witch-hunt occurred in Switzerland in 1427, and the first important book on the subject, the Malleus maleficarum (Hammer of Sorceresses), appeared in Germany in 1486. The persecution of witches reached its height between 1580 and 1660, when witch trials became almost universal throughout western Europe. Geographically, the center of witch-burning lay in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, but few areas were left untouched by it. No one knows the total number of victims. In southwestern Germany alone, however, more than 3,000 witches were executed between 1560 and 1680. Not all witch trials ended in deaths. In England, where torture was prohibited, only about 20 percent of accused witches were executed (by hanging); in Scotland, where torture was used, nearly half of all those put on trial were burned at the stake, and almost three times as many witches (1,350) were killed as in England. Some places had fewer trials than others. In the Dutch republic, no witches were executed after 1600, and none were tried after 1610. In Spain and Italy accusations of witchcraft were handled by the Inquisition, and although torture was legal, only a dozen witches were burned out of 5,000 put on trial. Ireland apparently escaped witch trials altogether. Many witch trials were provoked, not by hysterical authorities or fanatical clergy, but by village quarrels among neighbors. About 80% of all accused witches were women. Traditional theology assumed that women were weaker than men and more likely to succumb to the devil. It may in fact be true that, having few legal rights, they were more inclined to settle quarrels by resorting to magic rather than law. All these aspects of witchcraft crossed over to the Americas with European colonists. In the Spanish and French territories cases of witchcraft were under the jurisdiction of church courts, and no one suffered death on this charge. In the English colonies about 40 people were executed for witchcraft between 1650 and 1710, half of them in the famous Salem Witch Trials of 1692. Witch trials declined in most parts of Europe after 1680; in England the death penalty for witchcraft was abolished in 1736. In the late 17th and 18th centuries one last wave of witch persecution afflicted Poland and other areas of eastern Europe, but that ended by about 1740. The last legal execution of a witch occurred in Switzerland in 1782. Beginning in the 1920s, witchcraft was revived in Europe and America by groups that considered it a survival of pre-Christian religious practices. This phenomenon was partly inspired by such books as Margaret Murray's The Witch Cult in Western Europe (1921). Some forms of modern witchcraft follow the traditions of medieval herbalists and lay healers. The term witch-hunt is used today to describe a drive to punish political criminals or dissidents without regard for the normal legal rules.

A Study on the Jovian Planets

A Study on the Jovian Planets Far beyond Earth in the solar nebula lies an ice belt and beyond that lay the four Jovian planets. They are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Jovian means Jupiter- like in which the rest of do coincide with the name. Uranus Neptune and Saturn, all carry the same traits as Jupiter. are large gas giants that contain mainly a thick atmosphere of Hydrogen and helium. These planets do not have solid surfaces, rather they just get denser with depth. They contain high mass and are usually anywhere from 15 to 318 times the mass of earth. They also contain many satellites and the gravity is much stronger than that of earth. inner structure probably consists of a rocky core of metals, water, ammonia and methane. Usually these cores are about the same size as earth possibly a little larger. It is also possible that Uranus and Neptunes core is a liquid instead of a solid. also have about the same rotational characteristics and all have rings around them. Jupiter, the first of , reigns supreme throughout the solar system. Named after the Roman god Jove, the ruler of Olympus; Jupiter is the fifth planet from the sun and is also the largest planet in the Earths solar system. It is 318 times more massive than Earth and is two thirds of the planetary mass in the solar system. Jupiters surface, unlike earth, is gaseous and not a solid. It is about 90% hydrogen and 10% helium with traces of methane, ammonia, water and rock. Jupiters interior is very similar to the Suns interior but with a far lower temperature. However, it is still unknown but Jupiter is believed to have a core of liquid metallic hydrogen. This exotic element can only be achieved at pressure greater than 4 million bars. Jupiter radiates more energy in space than it receives from the sun. The interior of Jupiter is hot and has been estimated to be 20000 degrees Kelvin. The heat is generated by the Kelvin- Hemholtz mechanism, or the gravitational compression of a planet. It g ives off about 1.5 to 2 times more energy than the sun. It is speculated that the source of this heat is due to the rapid rotation of the planet and its liquid metallic hydrogen core. Liquid Metallic hydrogen consists mainly of ionized protons and electrons and is the electrical conductor and the source of Jupiters magnetic field. This magnetic field spins in less than 10 hours and is stirred by convection currents. The results are the strongest magnetic field in the solar system. ( Seeds, 516). This magnetic field is so large that it extends beyond Saturn and is electrified enough to send charges into the earths magnetic field. In the 1970s, Pioneer and Voyager flew past Jupiter and discovered the large magnetic field or magnetosphere. The magnetosphere is not a true sense a perfect sphere. It is highly flattened due to the rapid rotation of Jupiter. This magnetic field causes phenomenon such as strong lightening and even an aurora similar to earths aurora borealis . Jupiter, unlike earth, has three distinct weather producing zones or a troposphere. They are believed to contain Ammonia ice, ammonium hydrosulfide, and water and ice. In the apparent or uppermost atmosphere, ammonia ice crystals thrive in a temperature of about 150 degrees Kelvin. Most astronomers theorize that the next level of the atmosphere is primarily made up of Ammonium hydrosulfide crystals in a temperature of 200 degrees Kelvin. It is also theorized that the third and final level before the liquid metallic hydrogen is a layer of liquid ammonia and water droplets. Jupiters atmosphere is also plagued by high velocity winds that move in wide bands. These winds blow in opposite directions along the latitude of the planet. Because of chemical reactions and differences, they can be seen wrapping around Jupiter in colorful bands. The light colored bands are called zones and the dark colored bands are called belts. It is not known whether the belts and zones are permanent, they have not changed in eighty years of observance. One theory is that the jet stream at the belt-zone boundaries are linked to circulation patterns deep in the liquid interior (Seeds, 520) One of the most prominent features in Jupiters atmosphere is the Great Red Spot or GRS. The GRS is an oval about 12000 by 25000 km. At first sight the GRS is similar to a hurricane on earth but with infrared observations and by observing the direction of rotation, scientists have concluded that the GRS is a high pressure region whose cloud tops are higher and colder than surrounding regions. Similar animosities exist on the other Jovian planets but it is not known how long they will last. Like all Jovian planets, Jupiter has its own ring system. Jupiters rings are less than 30 kilometers thick and with a distance of 1.81 planetary radii. The rings are at least 100 times harder to see than Saturns rings. Most of the particles found in Jupiters rings are small and have a diameter about the same size as a light wave length. This causes the light to bounce off of the particles and scatter making the rings look bright. The particles found in Jupiters rings are believed to be the remains of a moon that moved in too close to the Roche limit and was torn apart. Like a great king with many followers, Jupiter also has an extremely large amount of satellites orbiting around it. Jupiters satellites can be divided into two groups. The smaller moons are merely captured asteroids but the larger moons are like a small planet. Callisto is one of the larger moons orbiting around Jupiter. It is slightly larger than the earths moon and has rocky core topped by a mantel of ice. Photographs of Callisto has shown that it is a dead world that is mostly dark and full of pot marks from meteors. Ganymede, the next moon of Jupiter is also an icy world. It is about fifty percent larger than the earths moon. Ganymede is full of craters but it also has a grooved surface which suggests that the water mantle must have been warm enough to leak and it was probably caused by tidal heating. Europa unlike Callisto and Ganymede is a rocky moon with a small icy crust. However, this moon is also an active moon. Voyager photos showed a icy surface that had almost no craters at all and cracks that seemed to be allowing water to seep through, so it is theorized that Europa is a moon that is still growing and changing. Io is the moon closest to Jupiter. Io is surrounded by a cloud of sulfur, oxygen and sodium. It was also discovered that Io has eight active volcanoes on it and it continues to grow and expand as the volcanoes spew gas and debree. It also gets all of its energy from the Io flux tube. The tube is thought to deliver ionized gas to the surface to give the volcanoes their energy. Jupiter also has many other small moons called the Galilean moons. These moons are thought to be small asteroids that were captured. It is also believed that the moons were originally part of the planet itself when it first formed. However, Jupiter in all its glory and moons cannot live up to the beauty of the sixth planet away from the sun. Saturn one of the most beautiful planets was discovered by Galileo with a telescope in 1609. Saturn is a very unique planet in that it is lighter than water, with a density of .7 gram per cubic centimeter. ( Considine) Saturn is only slightly smaller than Jupiter and has many of the same attributes that Jupiter has. Saturn is thought to have a liquid metallic region and a small silicate core. It has also been shown that with infrared observations that Saturn radiates 2.5 to 3 times more energy than it gets from the Sun (Seeds, 529) Like Jupiter, Saturn has belts and zones but they lie much deeper in the Atmosphere and contrast less. The atmosphere of Saturn is slightly different from Jupiters atmosphere. Saturn is much colder and the temperature seems to change as if there were seasons. The winds also blow much harder than on Jupiter . They can exceed 500 meters per second and they blow primarily in an eastward direction. Saturn also contains less helium in its composition than Jupit er. Saturn also has a large magnetoscope allowing the rings to exist but it is largely influenced by the solar winds. Although all the Jovian planets have rings, Saturn is by far the best known. When Galileo discovered the rings in 1609, he thought that he saw three objects. A central form with two forms on either side. It was not until 1659, that Christiaan Huygens discovered the actual disc around the planet. Then in 1675, Giovanni Cassani discovered the gaps between the rings. The gaps are now called Cassanis division. Saturns rings are named by the letters of the alphabet in the order they were discovered not in the order they actually appear. The outermost edge of ring A is about 21 times the radius of earth (Seeds, 532) The rings of Saturn are made up of millions of small particles mostly frozen water. Each ring rotates slower on the inside than on the outside. It is believed that the rings have a thickness of two kilometers. As voyager passed by Saturn, it was discovered that there were many gaps between the rings and that there was as many as 100 rings around Saturn. It was also discovered that Saturns rings had spokes that radiated out radially from the ring. Scientists believe that the Magnetic sphere around Saturn caused microscopic particles to be pulled out radially from the rings and they scattered the light much like the rings around Jupiter. Voyager also sent back pictures of shepherd satellites or two moons that orbit around each other. The gravitational force of these moons are thought to be one of the leading causes of the many rings within a ring. While the rings are beautiful it is still a mystery whether the moon is primordial or part of an icy moon that got too close to Saturns Roche limit. Saturn also has it own satellites beside its rings. Saturn has seventeen different moons. Most are dead icy worlds, but there is one large enough that it may contain oceans. Saturns biggest satellite is Titan, with a diameter of 5150 kilometers it is 6 percent larger than Mercury. It is the second largest satellite in the solar system. It is been proposed that Titan is made up of equal parts of rock and ice. It has a very opaque atmosphere. It is a very thick photochemical haze that is about 50 kilometers thick. The atmospheric pressure is about 60 percent greater than earths and it is mad up primarily of nitrogen. Most scientists agree that some form of liquid methane lies on the surface. Some even believe that the surface contains rivers, lakes and even oceans full of methane. It is also speculated that the slime made by the methane might have been the same slime that started life here on Earth many centuries ago. Unfortunately, not much more can be learned about Titan until we can go beyond its thick, hazy atmosphere. In addition to Titan there are eight smaller moons and many more minor satellites. Most of these moons are geologically dead. Few show some signs of cracks and fissures. It is also interesting top point out that the moons are not all spherical in shape, there are a few that are highly irregular. Overall, these moons wobble and move about in a crazy orbiting pattern , unfortunately we have not learned enough to give much information about them. The next planet in the wonderful series of the Jovian Planets is Uranus. Uranus was discovered by Herschel on March 13, 1781 while he was looking for stellar parallax. Uranus is named after the eldest of the Greek Gods. Uranus like Jupiter has no surface. It is mainly comprised of hydrogen and helium. It has no visible cloud patterns but its weather is shown to be similar to Jupiters and Saturns weather. It is thought to have three levels of atmosphere, with water clouds on the first level, followed by Ammonia clouds and then Methane clouds. Uranus also has the same characteristic of the belt- zone pattern that Saturn and Jupiter has. This has laid claim that the temperature of Uranus is directly related to seasons and the belt- zones wind pattern. The interior of Uranus does not include the same liquid metallic hydrogen that makes up Jupiter and Saturn. It is believed that the core is made up of highly pressured water, ammonia and methane which becomes a strong enough conductor to create a magnetic field around the planet . The magnetosphere is also odd in that it does not center around Uranus, instead it slants to about 60 degrees relative to its axis. This magnetosphere is also known for causing the phenomenon known as electroglow or ultraviolet photons released into the solar winds. Unlike Jupiter and Saturn , Uranus barely releases more energy than it gets from the sun and is thought that it has lost most of its internal heat. Like Saturn, Uranus also has rings that were discovered not very long ago. In 1977, James Elliot and a team discovered the rings accidentally. There are eleven known rings that range in size and shape. Unlike Saturn rings, Uranuss Rings are dark in color and relatively thin. The brightest of these rings is known as the epsilon ring. It is filled with debree of fairly large particles and dust. Uranus is also surrounded by about 15 satellites. The names of Uranuss moons take from the writings of the bard William Shakespeare and Pope. Uranian moons are believed to be made up of dirty ice. Oberon the outermost moon, is named after the fairy king in Midsummer Nights Dream, and is pot marked with craters and is fairly dark. It has a large fissure or fault were it was believed that water poured across and flooded the craters. Titania, respectively named for the fairy queen in the aforementioned play, is the largest of the uranian moons. Titania is littered with craters, faults and fissures. It has shown signs of being active but not recently. Uranus has other moons also but the most unique is Miranda. Mirandas history is a violent one that tells us that she might have been broken apart. The surface of Miranda is also filled with ovoids or oval patterns that unknown in origin. The last and final Jovian Planet is Neptune. Neptune was named for the sea god and is the eighth planet from the sun. Neptune was discovered in 1843 by two people Adams and Galle. Very little is known about Neptune and most the information provided is from voyager2s encounter. Neptunes interior seems to be like Uranuss in that it is comprised mainly of various ices and rocks. It is presumed that Neptune has a small rocky core with an icy mantle with a layer of liquid hydrogen. Like the typical gaseous planets, Neptune has wild winds confined to bands of latitude with large storms or vortices. Neptune unlike Uranus has an internal heat source that radiates twice as much energy as it gets from the sun. Neptune like all of the jovian planets has a magnetic field, though it is weaker than Uranuss. However like Uranuss magnetic field, the magnetic field of Neptune is off centered and tips at a fifty degree angle. Neptune also has rings like the rest of the jovian planets. There are very few of them and they are considerably thin and dark . Probably the only reason they exist is because of the shepherding moons. Neptune has about eight moons with Triton being the largest. Triton is mainly composed of ice and is still active. It has very few craters but has seen a violent past. It has been pushed and pulled by tidal forces, which caused nitro gas volcanoes on its surface. Different from the terrestrial planets, the Jovian planets are basically big balls of gas. The jovian planets seemed to be formed around the same time from the solar nebula. Jupiter and Saturn are the closest in nature to each other with Neptune and Uranus taking on a few of their traits. They all carry the same characteristics in their Classification. The Jovian planets are composed mainly of helium and hydrogen. They have a liquid or small rocky core. They are usually high in mass and low in density. They have many satellites and the gravity is much stronger than Earths. They also all share the same banding and zoning winds. With these characteristics defined with each description given it is easy to see how the planets, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are Jovian or Jupiter like.

Global Health-Improving Access to Health Care and Medication Essay

Global Health-Improving Access to Health Care and Medication - Essay Example The global access to health has been impacted significantly by social and environmental factors that yield marked differences in health status (Collins 2003, p.97). As a result, the core focus centers on understanding and intervening within the underpinning causes of health inequity. The World Health Organization has outlined a number of indicators for health access, namely: life expectancy and mortality; health service coverage; selected infectious diseases; risk factors; health expenditure; health inequities; health information systems and data availability; and, demographic and socioeconomic statistics. The inequalities in global access to health do not only manifest between countries, but also within countries and closely associate with the level of social disadvantage (Gulliford & Morgan 2003, p.3). The Case for Health Disparities Health disparities remain broadly defined as variations in disease prevalence or treatment based on aspects such as sex, race, or ethnicity, income, e ducation attainment, geographic location, or sexual orientation. Health disparities adversely impact on groups of people, who systematically encounter enhanced socio-economic impediments to health based on their racial/ethnic group, socioeconomic status, age, gender, sexual orientation, geographic location, gender identity, or other characteristics associated with discrimination or exclusion (Mullins, Blatt, Gbarayor, Yang, & Baquet 2005, p.1873). Globally, several efforts directed at highlighting and minimizing health disparities that have involved numerous agencies as they evaluate the countries’ march towards adoption of policy-driven and health-centred objectives. Despite the changes implemented over the last decades, health disparities around the world still exist, especially among the minority groups. The Journal of the American Medical Association highlights race as a critical determinant within the level of care, whereby ethnic minority groups frequently receive less intensive and lower care. Health disparities are also not pegged on race, ethnic, and cultural differences alone as such disparities remain also fuelled by the sexuality minority groups. Studies manifest that an individual’s sexual minority status may restrain access to health care. In some cases, the homosexuals, transgender groups, and bisexual population perpetually experience the diverse range of health access problems connected to their sexuality. The discrimination and minimized access to medical care, coupled with social and cultural experiences aggravate these problems (Collins 2003, p.98). In terms of gender, women in the U.S usually manifest better access to healthcare compared to men. This can be explained by the fact that women mainly have higher rates of health insurance and report enhanced likelihood to seek medical care. Although, gender and race play a critical role in explaining healthcare inequality within the U.S., socioeconomic status bears the greatest de termining factor in shaping an individual’s level of access to healthcare. Indeed, socio-economic differences manifest between racial groups and impacts on the health status of the groups (Bravemen 2006, p.167). Overall, the reasons for disparities in healthcare access are numerous, but can encompass lack of insurance coverage; lack of

Everything that Rises Must Converge, Good Country People, and The Essay

Everything that Rises Must Converge, Good Country People, and The Boarding House - Essay Example Most of Connor’s characters are physically or mentally deformed, and they seek redemption at the end. With some sort of epiphany the characters of Joyce emerge from the dark world in which they were doomed to live. The short stories under scrutiny in this paper are Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"Everything that Rises Must Converge† and â€Å"Good Country People† and Joyce’s â€Å"The Boarding House†. The focus of this paper is on examining how these writers have used symbolism and irony in their writing and how with these the development of relationships among the characters help the authors to convey their messages. Each following paragraph takes up one story for this analysis. In â€Å"Everything that Rises Must Converge† O’Connor introduces a mother who is incapable of realizing the new reality of desegregation. Still living in her romantic fantasy of her past aristocratic mansion, she refuses to see the convergence of a ne w society in which all are equal. In order to highlight this weakness in her character, the author contrasts her with her own son who has accepted civil rights movement and tolerance. This conflict is reflected through a simple event, a bus journey. Right from the beginning of the story the narrator gives close attention to the cap she mother wears: â€Å"She was holding herself very erect under the preposterous hat wearing it like a banner of her imaginary dignity† (Convergence). ... t her habit of sticking to her stubborn past multiplies the inherent weakness in her character: â€Å"â€Å"If you'll never learn where you are,† he said, â€Å"you can at least learn where I am† â€Å"(Convergence). There is no possibility of any form of convergence between the mother and the son. As the story comes to the end, the transforming cultural landscape and the mindscape of the characters come into light clearly focused. The mother â€Å"lived according to the laws of her own fantasy world outside of which he had never seen her set foot† realizes her son (Convergence). The transport, the bus, which carries the whites and the blacks without any discrimination becomes the stage on which the convergence is enacted, finally leading to the tragic death of the mother. The sight of the cap and the dress of the black woman irritate the white mother because they do not reflect the segregation, and her sense of patronizing the blacks in the form of offering mo ney also boomerangs. â€Å"â€Å"Don’t think that was just an uppity Negro woman,† he said. â€Å"That was the whole colored race which will no longer take your condescending pennies†Ã¢â‚¬ , reminds her son (Convergence). The son, though he has accepted desegregation, is also not able to strip his modern views and converge to preserve the mother-son relationship. In â€Å"Good Country People† Connor makes her theme more complex, though here again the story is about the relationship between a mother and her daughter. It is complex because a daughter with an artificial leg, but possessing a philosophical mind, struggles to experience joy, though her name is ironically Joy. With Nitcshe deep in her blood, and with her PhD in philosophy, everything is nothing in her life. The artificial leg is highly symbolic in the story as it

Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Bibliography - Essay Example The relevance and appropriateness of the preservice teacher education has raised policy debate among the legislators in different states, with some considering it as a needless detour for the teaching profession. Kip Tellez has backed this assertion through a completed seven-year biographical study of a teacher who did not have the preservice experience, but has applied psychological and instructive resources to emerge as an effective alternative route teacher. Further, while educational training through coursework and higher degree qualifications form a vital component of the teaching content, such qualifications do not necessarily amount to producing effective teachers who are able to pass over educational knowledge to students in an effective manner. The methodology applied in the case study was lengthy interviewing of the participant teacher, and thus several limitations might befall the results obtainable, regarding alternative route teaching being equally effective. The observe d transformation of the capability of the teacher from a mathematics and English teacher to the principal of a new charter elementary school serves to back the assertions that alternative routes to teacher education are effective. The case study concludes that it is not the actual application of well defined methodologies of teaching or instructive methods, but the more psychologically a teacher is connected to the students, that enables a teacher, whether with previous preservice teacher education or the one from alternative routes, to understand the educational needs of the students, and thus be able to deliver knowledge appropriately. The relevance of this article by Kip Tellez is that; the case study reveals that it is through enthusiasm and gaining deeper insights into the students’ education understanding needs, that a teacher can become effective in delivering

Self Attendance and Participation evaluation Essay

Self Attendance and Participation evaluation - Essay Example The topic that stirred the most curiosity in me was the article on ‘It’s a Flat World, After All’. The article talks about how globalization has taken over the world. The author of the article calls the world a flat world because of the extent of globalization that has occurred in the world. The article talks about how India has taken advantage of globalization and outsourcing, and is contributing towards the overall process of globalization. The world has become smaller today as compared to the previous century. Today a software engineer sitting in a separate country can develop well suited software for international firms and this shows the extent to which the world has shrank today. I was not aware of the present day situation of outsourcing and off –shoring and therefore the article took me by surprise. I knew about the software industry of India but the facts that the article revealed were amazing to say the least. The article also calls for keeping a pace with the fast moving world as everyone will have to work really hard to make any progress in the new globalized flat world. The graduate work force all over the world is increasing specially in the developing countries like China and India. This is why it is extremely important to work hard in today’s flat work. I think I have fared really well in the area of attendance and class participation. I have worked really hard to give in all my work on time meeting all the deadlines. For the past 5 weeks I have attended all classes and have also participated to my best. I will award 6 points to my attendance as I have taken all classes. Attendance points should be full because attendance has not been an issue with me. I will assign 4 points for participation because I have participated considerably in the class however, there is room for improvement. This is why I have not assigned full points to myself when it comes to