Research Proposal on Teenage Smoking Essay Example

Research Proposal on Teenage Smoking Essay Teenage smoking is a widespread problem relevant all over the world, because more than 90 percent of heavy smokers started smoking being teens. The danger of smoking has become advertised recently, because due to the profound investigations and experiments the scientists have proved that smoking causes harm to the human physical and psychological health. It is obvious that teenagers do not start smoking because of the physical necessity or shortage of the ingredients and elements which can be found in a cigarette. The main reason is to try something new and seem cool and grown-up in the eyes of friends and other teenagers. Moreover, nearly every teenager tries to protest against the world around and smoking is the best thing to seem different for them. It is obvious that there are other factors, which cause teenage smoking but they are generally connected with the society and social environment around the teenager. For example, there is a probability that one starts smoking when he observes his parents smoking heavily. Evidently, teenage smoking is an urgent and important problem which requires quick solutions. People speak about the danger of smoking all the time, but teenagers never pay attention to such words, because they believe that their organism is young and they will be healthy forever. It is obvious that they will not and smoking spoils teenager’s teeth, skin, lungs, heart and causes the risk of cancer. There are many methods and social programs which do their best to reduce the rates of teenage smoking but only a small percent of the teenagers return to the normal healthy life and give up smoking, so the problem still requires solutions and fresh approach. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Teenage Smoking specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Teenage Smoking specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Teenage Smoking specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Teenage smoking is the interesting topic for the research, because one can suggest a few effective methods which can help with the solution of the problem and complete a good research proposal on its basis. If one wants to succeed in the process of research proposal writing, he will have to think about the purpose of the research, share the expectations with the professor and provide him with the methodology part which will impress him and persuade that the student has done much for the research and that the paper has brand new ideas which are worth attention. It is not easy to cope with the assignment of research proposal writing, because the paper requires attention, knowledge on the analysis and formatting. The Internet and a free example research proposal on teenage smoking is a good solution to the problem, because one can learn many new facts about the process of writing. With the help of a well-organized free sample research proposal on teenage smoking it is possible to learn about the norms and rules of the successful writing. NOTE!!! All free sample research proposals and examples on Teenage Smoking are 100% plagiarized, we are here to help you! EssayLib.com is a leading research proposal writing service, which can offer you the solution you have been looking for. With thousands of written research papers and proposals for Master’s and PhD degrees, we can give you exactly what you need at very affordable prices. Our experienced writers will prove you that high quality and exclusivity is a trademark of our products. We can guarantee your confidentiality and promise you strict on time delivery. There are many reasons for EssayLib.com to become your favorite research proposal writing service, but all we are asking you – just give us a try!

The Reunification of Ancient Egypt under Mentuhotep II essays

The Reunification of Ancient Egypt under Mentuhotep II essays The second half of Pepy IIs ninety-four year reign was rather ineffective, as the forces that had been eroding the theoretical foundations of the Egyptian state became apparent. Since Egyptian kingship was based on the principal of divine kingship, a king whose economic power had been greatly weakened could no longer perform the role Egyptian doctrine had assigned him. The consequences of this for the whole of Egyptian society were serious; the ex officio system of remuneration no longer functioned satisfactorily and the fiscal system was probably on the verge of collapse. (Shaw pg.116) There is no one reason behind the decline and ultimate collapse of the Old Kingdom and unified Egypt. From tracking the direction and magnitude of the Nile, experts have determined that this period in Egyptian history suffered an extremely low amount of flooding. Agriculture along the Nile was dependant upon annual overflowing so rich topsoil from upstream could be deposited onto the parched farmland. When this failed, Egypts entire economic system failed with it. As there could be no real warning before this catastrophe, any preparations would have been useless, and as a result, Egypt suffered a terrible famine. As easy as it may have seemed for nature to shatter Egypt into many independent city-states called nomes, it would never have happened had not Egyptian kingship been so heavily linked to religion. How could anyone cope with their god completely forsaking them? It may be that Egypt didnt suffer from an irreversible economic crisis, but rather a spiritual crisis from which they could not recover. The reunification of Egypt didnt begin taking shape until the Middle Bronze Age. Two distinct empires arose from the ashes of the Old Kingdom. In Upper Egypt, there was Mentuhotep Is 11th Dynasty centered at Thebes, and in Lower Egypt, there was the great Herakleopolitan Empire which made up the 9th/10th Dynast...

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Case Studies Psychology Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Case Studies Psychology Essay Qualitative approach Research methods are commonly divided into quantitative and qualitative research methods (Some researchers (Lee, 1991; Ragin, 1987) have suggested to combine these methods by triangulation). Qualitative research methods are designed to help researchers understand people and the social and cultural contexts within which they live. Kaplan and Maxwell (1994) argue that the goal of understanding a phenomenon from the point of view of the participants and its particular social and institutional context is largely lost when textual data are quantified. The strengths of qualitative research derive primarily from its inductive approach, its focus on specific situations or people, and its emphasis on words rather than numbers (Maxwell, 1996, p.17). A key difference between quantitative and qualitative research is that quantitative researchers work with a few (quantifiable) variables and many cases, whereas qualitative researchers rely on a few cases and many (primarily q ualitative) variables (Ragin, 1987). In this research a qualitative research approach is chosen for the following reasons. First, the nature of the research questions suggests a qualitative approach. They are as understanding of what are the factors that enable or inhibit people to share their knowledge. Second, the aim is to present a detailed understanding of the dynamics of sharing knowledge, requiring a focus on participants’ perspectives and their meaning. Third, knowledge-sharing individuals are studied in their natural setting. Knowledge sharing is a situated process, so removing participants from their organizational context would lead to findings that are out of context. And these contexts which determine the factors that enable o inhibit knowledge sharing process. The characteristics of qualitative methods are listed in Table 1 Characteristics 1, 2, 4 and 7 highlight the emphasis of qualitative data on providing richness of understanding of phenomenon in context (Du ncan, 1979; Yin, 1989). Quantitative methods â€Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦by themselves may ignore much of the process phenomenon associated with a particular research question so that a real understanding of what’s happened may not exist† (Duncan, 1979, p.424). The use of qualitative data collection and analysis methods increases the likelihood that the advantages of case study method can be obtained. Table 1 Characteristics of qualitative methods 1. Qualitative research is inductive. 2. Researchers look at settings and subjects holistically. 3. The researchers are sensitive to their effects on subjects. 4. Researchers try to understand subjects from their own perspective. 5. Researchers try to set aside their own beliefs, perspectives and predispositions. 6. Researchers try to see all different perspectives of subjects as valuable. 7. Qualitative methods are humanistic. 8. Researchers emphasis validity as prime research criteria 9. Researcher sees all settings and subjects a s worthy of study. 10. Qualitative research is a craft. Source: This characteristics adapted from Taylor and Bogdan (1984, p.5-8). Interpretive research All research is based on some assumptions with respect to methodology the most pertinent philosophical assumptions are those that relate to the underlying epistemology guiding this research. And it refers to the assumptions about knowledge and how it can be obtained. Different classifications of epistemological assumptions exist (Guba and Lincoln, 1994). For explaining the underlying paradigm of this research, the three epistemological stands distinguished by Myers are used: positivist, interpretive and critical. Positivism claims that social life should be understood and analysed in the same way that scientists study the ‘natural world’. Positivists generally assume that reality is objectively given and can be described by measurable properties independent of the observer and of one’s instruments. Positivist stu dies generally attempt to test theory, in an attempt to increase the predictive understanding of phenomena. On the other hand the interpretive stand base is hermeneutics and phenomenology. Interpretive researchers start out with the assumption that access to reality (given or socially constructed) is only through social constructions such as language, consciousness and shared meanings. They generally attempt to understand phenomena through the meanings that people assign to them. Interpretive research does not predefine dependent and independent variables, but focuses on the full complexity of human sense making as the situation emerges.

The Promised Land Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Promised Land - Essay Example Deuteronomistic history reflects about Lord’s blessings and prosperity of the covenant on obeying laws and the Lord’s instructions; whereas, covenant is cursed by the Lord, if being defiant and deciphering apostasy. On the whole, the components of Deuteronomistic history emphasize the theology that explains the principles following which humans can gain boons and blessings from God and deciphering non-abidance to the God become liable for His curse (Tanner, â€Å"The Deuteronomistic History†). Deuteronomistic history is theologically said to be the book of ‘heart and instructions’ rather than a narration of laws. This book provides a spiritual insight about the life that an individual needs to live by following God’s directed ways, with firm beliefs in order to get His love and blessings. The most important feature of this particular book is the ‘Homiletical Style’. In this context, the book revolves around the covenants’ c ultural way of expressing relationship between the God and His people. Thus, it can be mentioned that the book develops the idea that a covenant receives blessings by complying with God’s instructions being obedient and truthful, while receives curse and death by disobeying God’s faith and laws (Tanner, â€Å"The Deuteronomistic History†). 2. Compare and Contrast the Three Models of the Conquest: In Deuteronomy, the ‘book of Joshua’ signifies about the three different models applied by Israelites in conquering the ‘land of Canaan’. The origin of Israel in the Canaan was accomplished by implementing influential conquering models, viz. Conquest, Immigration and Revolt model. The immigration model signifies the findings of the German scholars who developed a model of conquest that was different from surface reading of the ‘book of Joshua’. This model also argued that geography has substantial implications on the events occurri ng within a region, as was the case in Israel. The immigration model further proposes that the Israelites first conquered the highlands and then extended their conquest over the plains. Biblical accounts in accordance with the conquest model further reflected that the initial phase of Israelites’ conquest was Trans-Jordan before they crossed the river. The biblical evidences of the conquest model relate a sharp contrast with the perception of Immigration model in this context, where motives are rendered primary significance as the stimulator of events registered in the then period. Unlike the immigration and the conquest model, the revolt model of conquest discusses about Israel’s social revolution within Canaan as her initial origin of conquest, which contrasts the view presented in the other two models (Newberry and Hasan, â€Å"Joshua: The Conquest of Canaan†). 3. Describe the Theologically Correct Ideals of the Ban and the Holy War in Deut.20:1-18 and In Jos h.6:1-27: Deuteronomy 20:1-18 mainly discusses about war. In this context, it has been mentioned that God prepares His covenants, i.e. Israelites, to fight against their enemies and also supports throughout by giving His blessings to victory. This war has been termed as ‘The Holy War’, the reason being the God himself is going with the warriors to fight against the enemy clan and to impart victory to the Israelites. Furthermore,

Analyze Financial Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analyze Financial Statement - Essay Example We will be interested in a high ratio since we will be assured of a high return on our investments. A higher ratio is recommended since this indicates the solvency of the organization. Since it has the highest current ratio in 2015 hence shows that the company is having ability to meet its obligation if they fall due. This shows that if loan are to be advance to the company it will be able to pay its interest as per the loan in the short-run. Higher ratio is preferred as this will indicate liquidity of the entity. Hence it will be wise to consider this company as qualified for loans since it has the highest quick ratio in the year 2015 but this will only be a wise decision after assessing the Going concern principle of the entity. This shows the ability of the entity to meet its obligation in the long-run. Since the lower ratio is recommended hence this shows that the company will experience the challenges in paying back the loan hence will recommend the loan maturity should be lowered. Finally apart from the quantitative analysis of the financial statement of the company, it can also be advisable to consider carrying out the following qualitative analysis before advancing loans and also after advancing loans Assess whether they have established long-term customer relationships, with the company or its suppliers hence this can proof its viability whether to advance loans or not and if yes how much and at what interest. The company should provide collateral and compensating balance requirements. This will help in loan recovery in case of default. The company advancing the loan can exercise credit rationing by giving a loan but limiting the loan amount to be less than the borrower would

Industrial Revolution Essay Example for Free

Industrial Revolution Essay Friederich Engels), The Sadler Commission Testimonies, and the selections from Elizabeth Gaskells novel North and South we are able to witness how the Industrial Revolution impacted both economic and social aspects of life during that time. No one can doubt that the Industrial Revolution provided advantages that ultimately helped mold our society into the modern world that we know and love. However, the disadvantages were way more detrimental to those that lived through the Industrial Revolution. Harsh polluted living and working conditions, social class tension and cruel child and family labor ere all drawbacks that can not be ignored and overlooked by the Industrial Revolutions now present successes. The Industrial Revolution brought about Emigration and Urbanization. Prior to the Industrial Revolution many families resided in rural farming areas on the countryside. They were considered peasants that used farming and agriculture as a means for money and stability. Although many families stayed in the life of farming, many other families decided to move into the cities to look for Jobs doing industrial work in the coalmines and cotton mills. Living conditions in the urban cities were definitely a dramatic change. Instead of rural wide-open fresh-aired land, they were cramped up in overpopulated and polluted cities. Overall the cities were not exactly the cleanest places to live. They were also filled with both air and water pollution. The factories expelled harmful toxins likes soot and ashes into the air, causing the quality of air to be terrible. Many families that worked in these factories lived in tenement housing, which were very cramp, crowded and all stuck together. These housed did not have indoor plumbing or sewage, so waste and trash would be thrown into the streets. That would then run into the water supply to be used. Overall families had to endure very harsh living conditions Just to be able to work in these also harsh factories. Most of todays children have the luxury of going to school and having their parents work to support the household. However, most times in the days of the Industrial Revolution everyone in the family had to work to support life. Men, women and children as young as six did work in the factories. This was because parents alone could not earn enough money and needed their childrens help as well. In the Sadler Commission Testimonies, Michael Sadler interviews individuals to gain information and shed light on the troubles from the Industrial Revolution. He records Why do you allow your children to go to work at those places where they are ill-treated or over-worked? † Necessity compels a man that has children to let them work. Then asks Then you would not allow your children to go to those factories under the present system, if it as not from necessity? † No. (Sadler) This explains how it was absolute necessary to kids to work and help out in most tamilies. Also, unlike the stereotypical social gender norm that men are more useful and suitable for labor working Jobs, women and children were more desired by factory owners to work for them because of their ability to be more nimble and petite in size was more helpful to operate the machinery. FromFactory System: Two Views (Dr. Andrew Ure vs. Friederich Engels),Friederich Engels explains When spinning or weaving machinery isinstalled ractically all that is left to bedone by the hand is the piecing togetherof broken threads, and the machinedoes the rest. This task calls for nimblefingers rather than muscular strength. The labour of grown men is not merelyunnecessary but actually unsuitable. (Engels 457) . This ultimately lead into women and children being exploited the most in the work place. Not to be confused, everyone that worked in factories were taken advantaged of by their wealthier factory owning bosses, Those who owned factories were called the Bourgeois which developed as a new middle lass and those who worked in those factories were called Proletanats, which were the working low class laborers.

The American Dream in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman :: Death of a Salesman

The American Dream in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman Death of a Salesman is centered around one man trying to reach the American dream and taking his family along for the ride. The Loman's lives from beginning to end is a troubling story based on trying to become successful, or at least happy. Throughout their lives they encounter many problems and the end result is a tragic death caused by stupidity and the need to succeed. During his life Willy Loman caused his wife great pain by living a life not realizing what he could and couldn't do. Linda lived sad and pathetic days supporting Willy's unreachable goals. Being brought up in this world caused his children to lose their identity and put their futures in jeopardy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Willy lived everyday of his life trying to become successful, well-off salesman. His self-image that he portrayed to others was a lie and he was even able to deceive himself with it. He traveled around the country selling his merchandise and maybe when he was younger, he was able to sell a lot and everyone like him, but Willy was still stuck with this image in his head and it was the image he let everyone else know about. In truth, Willy was a senile salesman who was no longer able to work doing what he's done for a lifetime. When he reaches the point where he can no longer handle working, he doesn't realize it, he puts his life in danger as well a others just because he's pig-headed and doesn't understand that he has to give up on his dream. He complains about a lot of things that occur in everyday life, and usually he's the cause of the problems. When he has to pay for the repair bills on the fridge, he bitches a lot and bad mouths Charl ey for buying the one he should of bought. The car having to be repaired is only because he crashes it because he doesn't pay attention and/or is trying to commit suicide. Willy should have settled with what he had and made the best of things. He shouldn't have tied to compete with everyone and just made the best decision for him using intelligence and practicality. Many of Willy's problems were self-inflicted, the reason they were self-inflicted was because he wanted to live the American dream. If he had changed his standards or just have been content with his life, his life problems would have been limited in amount and proportion.

Admission Cardiotocography Essay

Admission cardiotocogram refers to the recording of the fetal heart after women admits into the labour ward. The significance of this recording lies in the fact that it can detect any early deficiency and malfunctioning that can be intervened for further treatment. During normal labour uterine contractions put some stress on placental circulation. This produces specific normal rhythms. However, any abnormality in this rhythm can be indicative of malfunction. Early detection of any potential threat may allow intervention and treatment at appropriate step. If admission cardiotocogram appears to be normal it gives hope for having a normal delivery. However, admission cardiotocography may not be necessary in cases where there is no evidence of any complications during pregnancies. â€Å"Admission cardiotocography is widely used to identify pregnancies that might benefit from continuous electronic fetal monitoring in labour.†(Impey et al, 2003) Impey et al (2003) reported that 20 min of cardiotocography does not have any beneficial impact on neonatal outcomes. â€Å"Routine use of cardiotocography for 20 min on admission to the delivery ward does not improve neonatal outcome. No significant increase in operative delivery was apparent, probably because of liberal use of fetal blood sampling.† (Impey et al, 2003) Evidence available tomorrow Current midwifery practice References Impey  L; Reynolds  M; MacQuillan  K; Gates  S; Murphy  J; Sheil  O (2003) Admission cardiotocography: a randomised controlled trial. Oxford Feto-Maternal Medicine Unit, Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK.

Communicating in the Workplace

Tasha Wright April 23, 2013 Assignment 1. 1 Complete assignment 1. 1 from Ch. 1 of Communicating in the Workplace. Choose two misunderstandings you experienced and fill out the chart for these. Respond to questions 1 and 2 shown under the chart for each example of a misunderstanding. In your response, include the following: * Cite a meaningful misunderstanding rather than a general or less material misunderstanding. * Use business- or work-related examples rather than personal ones. Identify the roles of the sender and receiver, such as manager, peer, subordinate, client, vendor, and so forth. Question| Misunderstanding One| Misunderstanding Two| Who was the sender? | My Co-worker | My Manager| Who was the receiver? | I was| I was| What was the message? | â€Å"Refill the ink toner in the mail room. †| â€Å"Make sure you open all tickets and provide your daily log assignments†. | What channel was used to sendthe message? | Via Email| | What was the misunderstandingthat occurred? There were three different ink toners and three machines located in the mail room. Sender didn’t state which Ink toner that was needed and machine. | The email was not specifying of which ticket to open in order to provide our daily log assignment. | How could the misunderstandinghave been avoided? | The sender could have specified informed the correct Ink toner and machine. | The message could have been clearer on which ticket to review. | 1. What did you learn about the communication process from this activity?Answer: When using communication via email, you have to make sure the details are informed, where, what, when. In via email you should have more clarification within the message to communicate better so that you can resolve the issue. 2. What seemed to be the main causes of the misunderstandings? Answer: The lack of information, if I haven’t asked questions the wrong ink toner would have been installed into the wrong machine and would have delayed pr ojects. To prevent misunderstanding in communication the body of the message should include details about the subject.

Mayan Civilization City of Copan, Honduras

Mayan Civilization City of Copan, Honduras Copn, called Xukpi by its residents, rises out of the mist of western Honduras, in a pocket of alluvial soil amid rugged topography. It is arguably one of the most important royal sites of the Maya civilization. Occupied between AD 400 and 800, Copn covers over 50 acres of temples, altars, stelae, ball courts, several plazas and the magnificent Hieroglyphic Stairway. The culture of Copn was rich in written documentation, today including detailed sculptural inscriptions, which is very rare in precolumbian sites. Sadly, many of the booksand there were books written by the Maya, called codiceswere destroyed by the priests of the Spanish invasion. Explorers of Copn The reason we know so much of the inhabitants of the site of Copn is the result of five hundred years of exploration and study, beginning with Diego Garcà ­a de Palacio who visited the site in 1576. During the late 1830s, John Lloyd Stephens and Frederick Catherwood explored Copn, and their descriptions, and particularly Catherwoods illustrations, are still used today to better study the ruins. Stephens was a 30-year-old attorney and politician when a doctor suggested he take some time off to rest his voice from speech making. He made good use of his vacation, touring around the globe and writing books about his travels. One of his books, Incidents of Travel in Yucatan, was published in 1843 with detailed drawings of the ruins at Copn, made by Catherwood with a camera lucida. These drawings captured the imaginations of scholars the world over; in the 1880s, Alfred Maudslay started the first excavations there, funded by Harvards Peabody Museum. Since that time, many of the best archaeologists of our time have worked at Copn, including Sylvanus Morley, Gordon Willey, William Sanders and David Webster, William and Barbara Fash, and many others. Translating Copan Work by Linda Schele and others has concentrated on translating the written language, which efforts have resulted in the recreation of the dynastic history of the site. Sixteen rulers ran Copn between 426 and 820 AD. Probably the most well-known of the rulers at Copn was 18 Rabbit, the 13th ruler, under whom Copn reached its height. While the level of control held by the rulers of Copn over the surrounding regions is debated among Mayanists, there can be no doubt that the people were aware of the populations at Teotihuacan, over 1,200 kilometers away. Trade items found at the site include jade, marine shell, pottery, sting-ray spines and some small amounts of gold, brought from as far away as Costa Rica or perhaps even Colombia. Obsidian from Ixtepeque quarries in eastern Guatemala is abundant; and some argument has been made for the importance of Copn as a result of its location, on the far eastern frontier of Maya society. Daily Life at Copan Like all of the Maya, the people of Copn were agriculturalists, growing seed crops such as beans and corn, and root crops such as manioc and xanthosoma. Maya villages consisted of multiple buildings around a common plaza, and in the early centuries of the Maya civilizations these villages were self-supporting with a relatively high standard of living. Some researchers argue that the addition of the elite class, as at Copn, resulted in the impoverishment of the commoners. Copn and the Maya Collapse Much has been made of the so-called Maya collapse, which occurred in the 9th century AD and resulted in the abandonment of the big central cities like Copn. But, recent research has shown that as Copn was being depopulated, sites in the Puuc Region such as Uxmal and Labina, as well as Chichen Itza were gaining population. David Webster argues that the collapse was merely a collapse of the ruling elites, probably as a reuslt of internal conflict, and that only the elite residences were abandoned, and not the entire city. Good, intensive archaeological work continues at Copn, and as a result, we have a rich history of the people and their times. Sources This glossary entry is part of the Guide to the Maya Civilization and the Dictionary of Archaeology. A brief bibliography has been assembled and a page detailing the Rulers of Copn is also available. The following is a brief bibliography of the archaeological literature related to the study of Copn. For more information about the site, see the glossary entry for Copn; for more information about the Maya Civilization in general, see the About.com Guide to the Maya Civilization. Bibliography for Copn Andrews, E. Wyllys and William L. Fash (eds.) 2005. Copan: The History of a Maya Kingdom. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe. Bell, Ellen E. 2003. Understanding Early Classic Copan. University Museum Publications, New York. Braswell, Geoffrey E. 1992 Obsidian-hydration dating, the Coner phase, and revisionist chronology at Copan, Honduras. Latin American Antiquity 3:130-147. Chincilla Mazariegos, Oswaldo 1998 Archaeology and nationalism in Guatemala at the time of independence. Antiquity 72:376-386. Clark, Sharri, et al. 1997 Museums and Indigenous Cultures: The power of local knowledge. Cultural Survival Quarterly Spring 36-51. Fash, William L. and Barbara W. Fash. 1993 Scribes, Warriors, and Kings: The City of Copan and the Ancient Maya. Thames and Hudson, London. Manahan, T. K. 2004 The Way Things Fall Apart: Social organization and the Classic Maya collapse of Copan. Ancient Mesoamerica 15:107-126. Morley, Sylvanus. 1999. Inscriptions at Copan. Martino Press. Newsome, Elizabeth A. 2001. Trees of Paradise and Pillars of the World: The Serial Stelae Cycle of 18-Rabbit-God K, King of Copan. University of Texas Press, Austin. Webster, David 1999 The archaeology of Copan, Honduras. Journal of Archaeological Research 7(1):1-53. Webster, David 2001 Copan (Copan, Honduras). Pages 169-176 in Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America. Garland Publishing, New York. Webster, David L. 2000. Copan: The Rise and Fall of a Classic Maya Kingdom. Webster, David, AnnCorinne Freter, and David Rue 1993 The obsidian hydration dating project at Copan: A regional approach and why it works. Latin American Antiquity 4:303-324. This bibliography is part of the Guide to the Maya Civilization.

Dick cheney's influence on foreign policy in the white house Essay

Dick cheney's influence on foreign policy in the white house - Essay Example He is the vortex in the White House on foreign policymaking. Everything comes through him† (Slavin & Page, 2003). This discussion examines this statement which reflects common perceptions regarding Cheney’s exceptional authority. When the current President Bush, with no previous foreign policy knowledge chose Dick Cheney, the Secretary of Defense under the first president Bush, as his Vice presidential nominee, it came to no one’s surprise that Cheney would have strong influence in these matters. However, early in the first term, the President was perceived as being surrounded by four equally powerful advisers, Secretary of State Colin Powell, National Security Adviser Condoleezza Rice, Cheney and Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld. Because of the President’s inexperience, Powell being kept in relative isolation from decision strategy sessions and Rice’s relegation as a coordinator, not a policy maker, both Cheney and Rumsfeld controlled foreign policy decisions. Though Powell left his position after the first term which Rice later accepted, the Cheney/Rumsfeld monopoly of foreign affair decision making remained unaffected. Currently, Cheney is undoubtedly the person shaping foreign policy and his staff is considered more influential than that of the National Security Council. Participants at upper-level foreign policy meetings have remarked that Cheney usually just asks questions and divulges little about his viewpoints regarding the discussions saving his opinions for private meetings with Bush. Cheney’s foreign affair positions may be obscured from the public and even the inner-circle at the White House but the impacts of those opinions have been front page news. Administration officials commented that Cheney produced the administration’s approach in the war on terrorism and toughened Bush’s determination to maintain the United State’s

Protein concentration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Protein concentration - Essay Example Protein analyses are used for basic research useful in determining specific activities of enzymes, hormones, antibodies and others substances. There are many methods used for the assay such as colorimetric detections, protein copper chelation chemistry and other methods. The Lowry method is one of the most common and useful protein assay methods used with ready to use reagents (Pierce, 2014). The use of absorbance reading for analyzing proteins has been proven to be very useful such that it can be used to predict protein sequence (Anthis and Clore, 2013). Protein absorbs ultraviolet rays. The strong capacity of protein to absorb UV light allows analysis of protein samples through spectrophotometry (Craic Technologies, 2012). There has been many methodologies produced for protein analysis that proves to be accurate and produce good results which include the Bradford Assay and Lowry Assay considered as the most common method (Knight and Chambers, 2003), Biuret Assay, Bichinchoninic Aci d Assay. These methods have their respective advantages and disadvantages when used to read protein concentrations (Sapan, et al. 1999). Other modern techniques are also developed such as DNA Pull down Assay, Microplate Capture and DetectionAssay, Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay, and more (Pierce Protein Biology Products, 2014). There will be fives test tubes properly labeled used for the assay. A test sample diluted with 85% Sodium Chloride Solution is used to reach a final concentration of 150-100 ug/ml. The blank test tube will be added with 0.20ml 85% Sodium chloride Solution. The blank test tube will be used as reference test tube. This will be the test tube for comparison purposes with the other test tubes containing the various reagents. The blank test tube will be the first tube to be read in the spectrophotometer that will set back the reading to zero. All the other test tubes would be read in comparison with the blank test tube’s